Pension provision is an important point in supporting older people. To be honest, there are a lot of interesting and difficult situations that every citizen should know about. Indeed, in this case, it will be possible once again to be safe and secure a decent life in old age. What is pension provision in the Russian Federation? Let's try to deal with all the nuances that can only lie in wait for future pensioners.
Who is responsible
To begin with: where to apply for a pension? Honestly, everything is extremely simple here. After all, the bodies of pension provision for citizens are the Pension Funds of Russia. Such organizations are available in every city. And there will be a direct registration of pensions.
So there are usually no problems with where to go. Perhaps this is one of the few moments that has not undergone any significant changes in recent years. Pension provision in the Russian Federation now brings a lot of problems. But why? It all starts with the application of an elderly person for support from the state.
Pension Documents
To solve the first “acute” moment, it’s enough to just be aware of exactly what conditions must be met and what documents are presented for the purpose of pension. Pension provision in this case will not bring you a lot of problems. Of course, there are many situations and for each there are some special documents for presentation to the Pension Fund. Nevertheless, there is a generally accepted list, which is necessary for everyone and always. It:
- passport;
- 4 photos 3 by 4 cm;
- SNILS;
- application for a pension;
- documents confirming your experience and income;
- Bank account number for retirement benefits.
In addition, sometimes you have to show:
- birth certificate of children;
- documents on social status (proof of disability);
- "warrior";
- "papers" indicating stay in special climatic conditions.
In principle, that’s all. Nothing more is required from you. By the way, a military card is needed only when the pension provision for persons who have served is assigned. An individual settlement system was invented for them. Another point - you must reach a certain age. For women, it is 55 years old, and for men it is 60. Only after this can one expect to retire. Of course, if you are not disabled since birth. Plus you should have work experience. More about this later.
Types of Pensions
Go ahead. Do not forget that pensions in the Russian Federation are divided into several types. And citizens have the right to choose what kind of support they receive. Not always, but very often. What can be pension payments?
Social - this is support from the state, which is provided to all citizens. Its size varies, depending on the position of a person in society. Quite often it is paid as security for people who do not have work experience, as well as for people with disabilities. The amount of payments is small, it does not allow to fully ensure the proper standard of living for the population.
Next come old-age pensions. Perhaps this is a more interesting case. Sometimes they are called state. In order to be able to receive such payments (they will just help “survive” retired pensioners in Russia), you must reach retirement age and also have a certain length of service. At the moment, it is 5 years. The pension system in the Russian Federation takes into account entrepreneurial activity.If a citizen didn’t work "for uncle", but officially formalized himself once as an individual entrepreneur and "stayed" like this for 5 years, this will be counted. The seniority “includes” the care of young children and elderly people (you need to draw up a document in the Pension Fund).
The last and most widespread pension provision is labor pensions. They are the ones that interest citizens the most. Why? Indeed, such payments directly depend on each citizen as a whole. The more you work and earn, the higher your pension will be in the future. But there is a rather difficult settlement system that is constantly changing.
There is also military pension. Such retirement benefits in the Russian Federation are available only to those who have served. And not in the army, but in principle. Not less than 20 years, by the way. Such state support is currently calculated on a rather interesting basis. It is very easy to understand.
How much do people with disabilities pay?
And now let's try to figure out with you what payments each citizen can apply for. For example, a pension for people with disabilities is a good option. Here, as already mentioned, everything is quite simple. There are fixed payments and a small settlement system. It is used most often until retirement age.
It is worth paying attention that the pension provision of disabled citizens differs in groups. The largest payments are 1, and the smallest - 3. Plus, everything is taken into account if dependents of a disabled person are considered. And, in some cases, the period until retirement age. There is nothing particularly difficult here. What can a modern disabled person claim in Russia? It:
- disabled children from birth - 60% of the minimum wage;
- social for a disabled child from birth - 11,445 rubles and 68 kopecks;
- invalids of the 1st group, invalids of the 2nd group since childhood - 9538 rubles 20 kopecks;
- invalids of group II - 4769 rubles 9 kopecks;
- Disability group III - 4053 rubles 75 kopecks.
Pensions for children with disabilities may vary. And large, and not very. In any case, pension social security of such citizens in Russia takes place. Not as big as we would like, but it's better than nothing at all.
Disabled pensioners
But forget about simple disabled people (elderly) is not necessary. They are also entitled to social benefits. And, to be honest, here the situation is much more interesting than in the past case. As already mentioned, a system of calculating deductions from the state is proposed, as well as fixed payments. Let's start with the second option. After all, pension provision in this case is fixed. Of course, taking into account some features, such as the presence of dependents and a citizen's disability group. What picture do we get? Disabled group 1 can count on:
- without dependents - 7820 rubles 70 kopecks;
- Dependent - 9124 rubles and 14 kopecks;
- 2 dependent persons - 10 427 rubles 61 kopecks;
- from 3 people - 11 731 rubles 4 kopecks.
Now, what can pensioners of the 2 disability groups count on? All fixed calculations are carried out according to a similar principle. That is, dependents are taken into account. It turns out:
- no dependents - 3910 rubles 34 kopecks;
- 1 person in "care" - 5,213 rubles 80 kopecks;
- 2 in "custody" - 6517 rubles 25 kopecks;
- more - 7820 rubles 70 kopecks.
The third group of disability, as already mentioned, is the most "low paid." And here, rather, pensions represent only little support. This is correct to some extent. Indeed, with this disability group, a person remains able-bodied and can work for future labor payments, if there are none today. It turns out:
- single - 1955 rubles 17 kopecks;
- 1 ward - 3258 rubles 63 kopecks;
- 2 dependent persons - 4562 rubles 7 kopecks;
- 3 and more - 5865 rubles 53 kopecks.
Theory of calculations for the disabled
Do not forget that every citizen has a choice of pension provision. True, to change it, you will have to write an application of the established form to the Pension Fund each time.It has already been said that sometimes a special scheme for calculating pensions is used for people with disabilities. It is used until retirement age. Which one? Let's try to figure this out. The formula for calculating payments from the state will be of the form C = K / ((M * ST) + BV), where:
- C - pension;
- K - pension capital;
- M - months before retirement age;
- ST - experience divided by 180;
- BV - base value (established annually by the state).
It turns out that a disabled person, while working, can increase his pension. And, as practice shows, for a rather "decent" amount. This does not mean that you have to work tirelessly. But there is no need to refuse employment immediately, if there is such an opportunity. True, not everything is as easy as it seems. Indeed, big problems and questions arise when pensions are provided to ordinary citizens. For example, with work experience.
Military
But for starters, another small payout calculation scheme. This is the military pension. Fortunately, you won’t have to think very much here. All that is required of you is a minimum of 20 years of service. Then you can receive a minimum military pension. The more you serve, the higher the payouts. Why?
The thing is that in this case, pension provision is calculated according to the scheme: for the first 20 years of service you receive 50% of your salary, and each subsequent year adds 3% of the premiums at the moment. There are some limitations here. For example, the total amount of interest on allowances may not exceed 85%. It turns out that if you "served" about 49 years, then you will have the maximum pension - 85% of the additional length of service + 50% of your salary. Easy and simple.
Workaholic
Go ahead. Now it is the turn to take up the so-called retirement pension. Unfortunately, here the situation is very mixed. Indeed, in recent years, pensions have been changing regularly. And this is just the beginning. For example, now in Russia a new settlement system is used. The so-called scoring.
What is it based on? Your labor guard allows you to receive a certain number of points. Accurate information should be found annually. Then the sum of the received “points” is multiplied by the scoring factor. It is also set by the government every year in a fixed figure. And, as a result, your pension is obtained.
At the moment, for such calculations, you have to have an experience of 7 years and a minimum of 9 points. In 2016, you can get the maximum about 7.83 points. Please note that every year the “bar” for the required points and experience will increase. Therefore, you should take care of your experience.
Old age is not a joy
Pension provision in the Russian Federation is a huge problem for modern society. Well, with a retirement pension sorted out. But there are so-called old-age payments. They can be claimed by any citizen who has reached retirement age (55 years for women and 60 for men), and who has at least 5 years of work experience. This includes the experience of the entrepreneur, and the care of minor children under 3 years of age, and elderly people from 80 years of age. Normal work also counts.
The scheme here is also quite interesting for calculations. It was “invented” in 2015 and, of course, seniority here also plays a huge role. Part of the old-age pension will be calculated by the formula: MF = FP x IK + (KOP x IK) x SPK, where:
- MF - part of the pension (insurance);
- IR - individual ratio (all insurance premiums / premium premium contributions and all this is multiplied by 10);
- FP - fixed payments;
- CPC - pension deferral coefficient;
- SPK - pension coefficient.
There is also an accumulative part of pension payments. It is calculated easier. To find out what amount of “savings” you should receive by age, you will have to divide all the money from insurance premiums by the number of months in which the pension will be paid. Now it is 228. But you can reduce it by continuing to work.It turns out that this is how you can increase your compensation from the state in old age.
Summarizing
In principle, this is all that can be said about the pension system in Russia. As you can see, there are a lot of different things to consider. And the modern settlement system is changing every year. And you cannot say exactly what to prepare for.
The biggest shock was the lack of the so-called indexation of pensions for working pensioners. Previously, the increase in payments was made by everyone, regardless of whether a person has a job or not. But, in connection with the crisis, now we have to cancel this rule. In order to be able to provide money for those who do not have a job at all. So far, we are not talking about the resumption of indexation of pension support from the state for retired workers.
In addition, a complete change in the system of calculating payments is another point that has caused outrage among the majority of the population. Previously, there were no “points”; all pensions were calculated on the basis of seniority directly. And now some “points” have appeared with the new system. And, oddly enough, it was this system that reduced to some extent pension payments. Inexplicable but the fact.
In any case, it is worth making conclusions from all of this. For example, you need to work as long as possible and get a higher salary. Yes, and completely rely on the state is not necessary. It’s better to make your own savings for old age, so that in unforeseen situations you don’t stay “with nothing”. Gray or black salaries, as well as informal work, are also recommended to be avoided. Indeed, in this case, you will have neither seniority nor normal deductions to the Pension Fund.
